A biodiversity evaluation framework for restoration of aquatic macrophyte communities in shallow lakes driven by hydrological process management     

Shuhan Li  Tao Sun  Wei Yang  Baoshan Cui  Xinan Yin 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13983

Macrophyte community diversity and composition respond to ecosystem conservation and local environmental factors. In this study, we developed a multidimensional diversity framework for macrophyte communities, including the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity. We used the framework to explore the relationships among water level regimes and these diversity parameters in a case study of China's Baiyangdian Lake. Analysis of indicators of hydrologic alteration divided the water level from 1959 to 2019 into four regimes (dry, <6.42 m; low, 6.42–7.23 m; medium, 7.23–8.19 m; high, >8.19 m). Alpha and beta diversity were significantly higher in the medium regime than in the low and high regimes. Redundancy analysis indicated that the maximum water depth significantly affected taxonomic alpha diversity, and total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration significantly affected functional alpha diversity, respectively. Mantel tests showed that TN, Secchi depth (SD), and water depth in the high water level regime significantly increased the total beta diversity and turnover components. TN was the main factor that increased total taxonomic beta diversity. Water level regime mainly influenced interspecific relationships by changing the TN and COD concentration. The water level should be maintained between the medium and high water level regimes to promote restoration of the macrophyte community and improve ecosystem stability. The biodiversity evaluation framework would provide a deeper insight into the hydrological process management for restoration of aquatic macrophyte communities in shallow lakes.  相似文献   

黑龙江省地震科学台阵背景噪声特征分析     

胡宝慧  刘双  常金龙  李大伟 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(5):63-68

2019年黑龙江省完成"一带一路"地震科学台阵项目中台址勘选工作，基于科学台阵中136个台址的地面运动噪声数据，通过计算不同频段范围内背景噪声记录的加速度功率谱密度，研究不同环境噪声下科学台阵记录数据的地噪声特征及其台基响应。结果表明：黑龙江西北和东南部地区地面运动噪声水平低，观测环境较好；中部和东北部地区噪声水平较高，大庆地区尤为严重。勘选结果真实反映了黑龙江区域内的背景噪声分布，使我们对本区域地噪声水平和干扰因素有了新的认识。  相似文献   

长江河口潮波传播机制及阈值效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张先毅  黄竞争  杨昊  欧素英  刘锋  蔡华阳  杨清书 《海洋与湖沼》2019,50(4):788-798

河口潮波传播过程受沿程地形(如河宽辐聚、水深变化)及上游径流等诸多因素影响,时空变化复杂。径潮动力非线性相互作用研究有利于揭示河口潮波传播的动力学机制,对河口区水资源高效开发利用具有重要指导意义。本文基于2007—2009年长江河口沿程天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山、芜湖的逐日高、低潮位数据及大通站日均流量数据,统计分析不同河段潮波衰减率与余水位坡度随流量的变化特征,结果表明潮波衰减率绝对值与余水位坡度随流量增大并不是单调递增,而是存在一个阈值流量和区域,对应潮波衰减效应的极大值。为揭示这一阈值现象,采用一维水动力解析模型对研究河段的潮波传播过程进行模拟。结果表明,潮波传播的阈值现象主要是由于洪季上游回水作用随流量加强,余水位及水深增大,导致河口辐聚程度减小,而余水位坡度为适应河口形状变化亦有所减小,从而形成相对应的阈值流量和区域。  相似文献   

开挖前降水引发基坑变形机制模型试验研究     

曾超峰  薛秀丽  宋伟炜  李淼坤  白宁 《岩土力学》2020,41(9):2963-2972

现有基坑相关研究主要关注土方开挖过程引起的变形，认为围护结构变形起点是土方第1次开挖。然而，一些工程实测表明，基坑开挖前降水阶段即可引起围护结构及周边地层发生厘米级的变形。显然，未考虑开挖前变形的基坑监测数据将低估基坑施工的环境效应。为了研究基坑开挖前降水引发基坑变形的机制，开展了室内模型试验，对基坑开挖前降水过程进行了缩尺精细化模拟。通过微型降水井的设置与调控，模型试验真实再现了实际基坑降水过程中井流效应对围护结构受力变形的影响。试验过程中发现，随着降水的进行，坑外降水漏斗不断扩展，围护结构悬臂式侧移及坑外拱肩式地面沉降也随之产生。另外，降水导致墙前水压力明显减小，并诱发墙前侧向总压力重分布（以减小为主），围护结构为此发生指向坑内的悬臂式运动以寻求新的受力平衡，并通过墙后土体损失诱发坑外地层变形。  相似文献   

少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震研究现状          下载免费PDF全文

鲁锦华  陈兴冲  丁明波  张熙胤 《世界地震工程》2020,(1):125-136

我国铁路桥梁普遍采用少筋混凝土重力式桥墩（配筋率<0.5%），现有普通钢筋混凝土结构的延性抗震理论不适用于该类型桥墩。为了促进我国铁路重力式桥墩抗震理论的发展，详细论述了我国少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的研究现状和存在问题。首先，对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的破坏特征及破坏机理进行了总结；其次，分析了各参数对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震性能的影响；再次，对目前少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的抗震设计方法进行了汇总与分析；最后，对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的数值分析模型进行了归纳与分析。通过对现有研究的汇总发现:目前对少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的试验研究主要以拟静力方法为主，还缺少振动台试验研究其动力状态下的破坏机理及抗震性能；少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的破坏机理及其与各影响因素之间的定量关系还不明确；已提出的少筋混凝土重力式桥墩的抗震设计方法存在塑性铰区计算不合理等问题，还需要进一步的完善。为少筋混凝土重力式桥墩抗震研究提供了方向。  相似文献   

黄河干流头道拐河段凌汛期小流量过程变化及其影响因素研究     

全栋  李超  路新川  史小红  杨朝霞 《冰川冻土》2020,42(2):620-628

黄河干流内蒙古段河道冬季流凌封河期， 河道水量除一部分转化为冰量外， 很大一部分转化为槽蓄水量而贮存在河道中， 导致下游头道拐河段出现小流量过程， 上游河道流量转化为槽蓄水量和贮存的冰量越大， 小流量持续时间越长， 开河期发生凌汛洪水风险越高。通过对1998 - 2016年头道拐站凌讯期流量变化过程分析， 重新界定了小流量上限阈值为330 m³·s^-1， 并且以此值为标准进行小流量过程研究， 分别采用R/S极差分析法、 Fourier变换分析法对近年来小流量过程变化特征进行分析； 结合非线性概率Logit模型和Probit模型对小流量过程的影响因素进行讨论。结果表明： 小流量持续天数变化呈现缩短趋势； 同时， 小流量过程与上游相对来水之间变化关系显著且过程同步， 而滞后于河道槽蓄水量变化过程； 通过Logit模型和Probit模型分析各影响因素变化时相应小流量持续时间变化的响应概率大小， 明确河道冰流量是小流量过程第一影响因素， 气温条件是小流量过程的决定因素， 首封位置和相对来水量是小流量过程重要影响因素。  相似文献   

2015年台风“彩虹”过境后下山冷急流引起的南海北部海域异常海面降温   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

石雨鑫  谢玲玲  郑全安  张书文  李明明  李君益 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):62-75

This study deals with a unusual cooling event after Typhoon Mujigea passed over the northern South China Sea(SCS) in October 2015. We analyze the satellite sea surface temperature(SST) time series from October 3 to 18,2015 and find that the cooling process in the coastal ocean had two different stages. The first stage occurred immediately after typhoon passage on October 3, and reached a maximum SST drop of –2℃ on October 7 as the usual cold wake after typhoon. The second stage or the unusual extended cooling event occurred after 7d of the typhoon passage, and lasted for 5d from October 10 to 15. The maximum SST cooling was –4℃ and occurred after 12d of typhoon passage. The mechanism analysis results indicate that after landing and moving northwestward to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau(YGP), Typhoon Mujigea(2015) met the westerly wind front on October 5. The lowpressure and positive-vorticity disturbances to the front triggered meridional air flow and low-pressure trough,thus induced a katabatic cold jet downward from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) passing through the YGP to the northwestern SCS. The second cooling reached the maximum SST drop 4d later after the maximum air temperature drop of –9℃ on October 11. The simultaneous air temperature and SST observations at three coastal stations reveal that it is this katabatic cold jet intrusion to lead the unusual SST cooling event.  相似文献   

江苏海岸中部近岸冬季潮汐和潮流特征     

王逸涵  王韫玮  于谦  蔡辉  高抒 《海洋科学》2019,43(10):66-74

南黄海西侧的江苏海岸近岸区域,素以地形复杂、潮流强劲、悬沙输运剧烈著称,但是较长期的同步潮位和潮流观测数据仍然缺乏,尤其是在近岸(20 km)浅水(20 m)区域。2014年1月在大丰港附近开展了连续潮位和潮流观测,获得的数据揭示了一系列特征。此地潮汐潮流为正规半日潮,浅水分潮显著。平均潮差为3.05 m,最显著的两个分潮为M2和S2分潮,振幅分别为1.45 m和0.52 m。潮流最显著的半日分潮M2分潮和最显著的浅水分潮M4分潮在沿岸方向上振幅分别为0.84m/s和0.12m/s,在跨岸方向上振幅分别为0.24 m/s和0.01 m/s,沿岸方向占绝对优势。潮波的沿岸传播介于前进波和驻波之间,驻波的特征稍强。M2分潮潮流椭圆最大流(长轴)方向为南偏东7.4°。存在冬季沿岸向北的余流,垂向平均值的大小为2.2 cm/s。以上潮汐潮流特征为该区域海洋物质输运研究提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

海上风电升压站平台高程确定标准的合理性研究     

潘晓春 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(6):83-88

为保证海上风电升压电站建设的经济合理与安全可靠,合理确定海上风电升压电站平台高程十分必要。文中从波浪与潮位的遭遇组合、最大波高取值与现行相关标准的比较、最大波峰高度计算的合理性等方面,全面分析了确定海上风电升压站平台高程各组成项取值标准的合理性,研究认为现行标准明显偏高。建议海上升压站平台底部高程按"100年一遇极端高水位+重现期50年波列累积频率1%的最大波峰高度+安全超高"确定。结合工程实例计算分析,按本文建议可使海上升压站平台高程明显降低,从而节省工程造价,还可减轻升压站工程对周边风机的遮蔽影响,以达到多发电量的效果。  相似文献   

Quantifying suitable dynamic water levels in marsh wetlands based on hydrodynamic modelling     

Peng Hu  Zefan Yang  Qiande Zhu  Weize Wang  Qin Yang 《水文研究》2021,35(2):e14054

The water level of marsh wetlands is a dominant force controlling the wetland ecosystem function, especially for aquatic habitat. For different species, water level requirements vary in time and space, and therefore ensuring suitable water levels in different periods is crucial for the maintenance of biodiversity in marsh wetlands. Based on hydrodynamic modelling and habitat suitability assessment, we determined suitable dynamic water levels considering aquatic habitat service at different periods in marsh wetlands. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial variation of water level. The habitat suitability for target species at various water levels was evaluated to obtain the fitting curves between Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and water levels. And then suitable water levels throughout the year were proposed according to the fitting curves. Using the Zhalong Wetland (located in northeastern China) as a case study, we confirmed that the proposed MIKE 21 model can successfully be used to simulate the water level process in the wetland. Suitable water levels were identified as being from 143.9–144.2 m for April to May, 144.1–144.3 m for June to September, and 144.3–144.4 m for October to November (before the freezing season). Furthermore, proposed water diversion schemes have been identified which can effectively sustain the proposed dynamic water levels. This study is expected to provide appropriate guidance for the determination of environmental flows and water management strategies in marsh wetlands.  相似文献